ISSN 2310-5283 e-ISSN 3041-1432 UDC 67; 68; 33
en

https://doi.org/10.62763/cb/1.2026.73

Vol. 19, No. 1, 2026

73-81

  • Read article

    • Study of the influence of weft yarn tension on the properties of woven-knitted material

    Oksana Khrystiuk* Oleh Nahaichuk Elina Zakharova Valentyna Horobchyshyna

    ohristuk@gmail.com

    Received 15.01.2026, Revised 17.04.2026, Accepted 28.05.2026 Published 29.05.2026

    Abstract

    The relevance of the study is determined by the practical need to reduce weft yarn consumption while preserving the structural stability, tensile performance and commodity quality of a material that combines woven longitudinal strips with looped weft connections. The purpose of the article was to determine the influence of weft yarn tension on the physical, mechanical and structural properties of woven-knitted textile material article 10c2 produced on a Metap-160 laboratory machine. Polyester warp yarns with a linear density of 24.5 tex and multifilament polyester weft yarns with a linear density of 8.4 tex were used for the experimental samples. Weft tension was varied from 9.2 to 14.8 cN per yarn by changing the number and position of the regulating weights on the levers of the weft regulator. The study evaluated breaking force and breaking elongation in the warp and weft directions, the breaking characteristics of weft yarns withdrawn from the material, the projected length of the weft yarn in the plane of the material, the actual weft consumption per insertion, the produced width, the width of an individual woven-knitted strip, thickness, abrasion resistance, air permeability and the stability of the phase structure of the woven areas. It was established that within the investigated interval an increase in weft tension does not cause critical deterioration of the main performance indicators. The projected weft length decreased from 13.38 to 13.11 mm per insertion, the actual weft consumption from 15.28 to 14.81 mm per insertion, and the coefficient of weft consumption from 1.142 to 1.130, while the produced width decreased from 164.8 to 160.4 cm. The obtained relationships substantiate a multi-criteria approach in which weft tension is applied as a resource-saving factor only in combination with dimensional control of the material

    Keywords:

    weft consumption; looped connection; Metap-160; air permeability; abrasion resistance; resource saving

    Suggested citation
    Khrystiuk, O., Nahaichuk, O., Zakharova, E., & Horobchyshyna, V. (2026). Study of the influence of weft yarn tension on the properties of woven-knitted material. Commodity Bulletin, 19(1), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.62763/cb/1.2026.73
    7 Views

    References

    1. Ayele, M., Kassaw, A., & Tesema, A.F. (2024). Analyzing the effect of yarn tension, weft yarn type, and weft yarn density on thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, and air permeability of plain woven fabric. Journal of Natural Fibers, 21(1), article number 2407892. doi: 10.1080/15440478.2024.2407892.
    2. Behera, B.K., & Hari, P.K. (Eds.). (2010). Woven textile structure: Theory and applications. Great Abington: Woodhead Publishing. doi: 10.1533/9781845697815.
    3. Büyükbayraktar, R.B. (2021). Effect of self-stitched double fabric's properties on tensile and permeability performances. Materials Science (Medžiagotyra), 27(2), 232-238. doi: 10.5755/j02.ms.25238.
    4. Çeven, E.K., Karakan Günaydın, G., & Çeven, N. (2021). Impact of weft yarn type and fabric weft density on burning behavior, tearing strength and air permeability for different types of antibacterial drapery fabrics. Textile Industry, 69(1), 4-16. doi: 10.5937/tekstind2101004K.
    5. Ding, X., Sanchez, V., Bertoldi, K., & Rycroft, C.H. (2024). Unravelling the mechanics of knitted fabrics through hierarchical geometric representation. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 480(2295), article number 20230753. doi: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0753.
    6. Golomeova Longurova, S., Jordeva, S., Zhezhova, S., Dimitrijeva Kuzmanoska, V., Mojsov, K., & Andronikov, D. (2022). The effect of fabric structure parameters on dimensional stability after domestic washing. Textile Industry, 70(2), 22-27. doi: 10.5937/tekstind2202022G.
    7. Gonzalez, S.E., Dimitriyev, M.S., Cachine, A.P., & Matsumoto, E.A. (2025). Pulling apart the mechanisms that lead to jammed knitted fabrics. Physical Review E, 112(1), article number 015504. doi: 10.1103/g94g-c6tt.
    8. Hearle, J.W.S. (1967). The structural mechanics of fibers. Journal of Polymer Science Part C: Polymer Symposia, 20, 215-251. doi: 10.1002/polc.5070200118.
    9. ISO 9237:1995. (1995). Textiles – determination of the permeability of fabrics to air. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/16869.html.
    10. ISO 5084:1996. (1996). Textiles – determination of thickness of textiles and textile products. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/23348.html.
    11. ISO 139:2005. (2005). Textiles – standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/35179.html.
    12. ISO 2062:2009. (2009). Textiles – yarns from packages – determination of single-end breaking force and elongation at break using constant rate of extension (CRE) tester. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/45642.html.
    13. ISO 13934-1:2013. (2013). Textiles – tensile properties of fabrics – part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the strip method. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/60676.html.
    14. ISO 12947-2:2016. (2016). Textiles – determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method – part 2: Determination of specimen breakdown. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/61988.html.
    15. Kassaw, A., & Ayele, M. (2024). Effect of weft yarn type and weaving parameters on surface roughness and drapeability of woven fabric. Journal of Natural Fibers, 21(1), article number 2334410. doi: 10.1080/15440478.2024.2334410.
    16. Kyzymchuk, O., Melnyk, L., Marmaralı, A., Oğlakcıoğlu, N., Ertekin, G., Arabuli, S., Arabuli, A., & Cüreklibatır Encan, B. (2023). The effect of weft yarn type and elastomer yarn threading on the properties of elastic warp knitted fabrics. Part 1: Structure and elasticity. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 18. doi: 10.1177/15589250231167405.
    17. Mandre, N., Plamus, T., & Krumme, A. (2021). Impact of weft yarn density and core-yarn fibre composition on tensile properties, abrasion resistance and air permeability of denim fabrics. Materials Science, 27(4), 483-491. doi: 10.5755/j02.ms.27532.
    18. Maqsood, M., Nawab, Y., Shaker, K., Umair, M., Ashraf, M., Baitab, D.M., Hamdani, S.T.A., & Shahid, S. (2016). Modelling the effect of weave structure and fabric thread density on mechanical and comfort properties of woven fabrics. Autex Research Journal, 16(3), 160-164. doi: 10.1515/aut-2015-0032.
    19. Melnyk, L., Kyzymchuk, O., & Golikova, O. (2016). The influence of weft filling yarn on the properties of warp knitted fabric. In International Scientific Conference UNITECH (pp. 145-148). Gabrovo: UNITECH.
    20. Mengie, W., Beyene, K.A., & Eshetie, G.A. (2024). Modelling surface roughness of 3/1 twill fabric using weft yarn count and weft thread density. Tekstilec, 67, 119-127. doi: 10.14502/tekstilec.67.2023083.
    21. Ogulata, R.T. (2006). Air permeability of woven fabrics. Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, 5(2), 1-10.
    22. Peirce, F.T. (1937). The geometry of cloth structure. Journal of the Textile Institute Transactions, 28(3), T45-T96. doi: 10.1080/19447023708658809.
    23. Singal, K., Dimitriyev, M. S., Gonzalez, S.E., Cachine, A.P., Quinn, S., & Matsumoto, E.A. (2024). Programming mechanics in knitted materials, stitch by stitch. Nature Communications, 15(1), article number 2622. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46498-z.
    24. Spencer, D.J. (2001). Knitting technology: A comprehensive handbook and practical guide (3ͬ ͩ ed.). Abington: Woodhead Publishing.
    25. Umair, M., Hussain, T., Shaker, K., Nawab, Y., Maqsood, M., & Jabbar, M. (2016). Effect of woven fabric structure on the air permeability and moisture management properties. The Journal of the Textile Institute, 107(5), 596-605. doi: 10.1080/00405000.2015.1054124.
    26. Vasile, S., Vermeire, S., Vandepitte, K., Troch, V., & De Raeve, A. (2024). Effect of weave and weft type on mechanical and comfort properties of hemp-linen fabrics. Materials, 17(7), article number 1650. doi: 10.3390/ma17071650.